Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Pelet Arang Berbahan Baku Cangkang Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana) dan Tiga Jenis Perekat Pati

Abstract

Candlenut shells are part of the candlenut fruit that serves to protect the contents from external influences. Candlenut shell waste has great potential to be used as raw material for making biopellets. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of charcoal pellets from candlenut shells using 3 types of starch adhesives (tapioca, maize, and sago). Physical and mechanical properties include: density, specific gravity, water content, dimensional measurements (diameter and length), stack density, and compressive strength. Testing of density, water content, and dimensions (diameter and length) refers to the EN ISO and SNI 8021:2014 standards. Meanwhile, the compressive strength test with ASTM D 4179 standard. In general, the process of making charcoal pellets from candlenut shells uses 3 types of starch adhesives with a concentration of 20%, namely by grinding the pyrolyzed candlenut shells and then sieving them using a 60 mesh sieve, charcoal powder and starch adhesive that have been mixed then add 250 ml of water. The material was put into a pelletizing machine (Macreat brand, type LDP200C, Capacity 80-120 Kg / Hour). Then the pellets will be formed through the die holes in the machine. The density of 20% tapioca is 1.06 g/cm3, 20% maize is 1.05 g/cm3and 20% sago is 1.04 g/cm3. The specific gravity of tapioca and maize 20% is 1.01 g/cm3, 20% sago is 1 g/cm3. The water content of 20% tapioca is 0.26%, 20% maize is 0.25% and 20% sago is 0.27%. The dimensions of 20% tapioca are 0.56 cm in diameter and 3.48 cm in length, 20% maize is 0.57 cm in diameter and 3.63 cm in length, and 20% sago is 0.56 cm in diameter and 3.38 cm in length. The density of 20% tapioca and maize is 0.49 g/ cm3, 20% sago is 0.47 g/ cm3. The compressive strength of 20% tapioca is 130.23 kgf// cm2, 20% maize is 185.66 kgf// cm2and 20% sago is 145.38 kgf// cm2.