Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Agronomi Tanaman Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) Generasi M2 Hasil Induksi Mutasi dengan EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate)

Abstract

Rice is an important food crop as the main staple food source for the Indonesian people, so variety improvement continues to be carried out. This study aims to determine the morphological and agronomic characteristics of M2 generation rice plants resulting from EMS mutation induction using the original varieties IR 64 and Ciherang. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra from November 2024 to March 2025. M2 rice seeds were obtained from selected M1 plants based on characteristics such as the number of tillers, productive tillers, and grain weight per panicle. This study used five treatments, namely Control IR 64, Mutant IR 64 (1% EMS), Control Ciherang, Mutant I Ciherang (0.5% EMS), and Mutant II Ciherang (1% EMS). Rice seeds for each treatment were soaked for approximately 48 hours before sowing. Twenty selected seedlings were planted per treatment and planted in plastic trays at a rate of 10 seedlings per tray. The variables observed included seedling weight, seedling height, seedling root length, plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of panicles, panicle weight per clump, and morphological characteristics consisting of leaf sheath color, leaf blade color, leaf blade shape, leaf neck color, leaf ear color, upper and lower leaf surface, and leaf neck thickness. leaf blade base height and length, and leaf ear size. The data were processed using Microsoft Excel and presented descriptively. The results showed that the IR 64 mutant had advantages over the IR 64 control in terms of seedling root length and panicle weight per clump, while the 1 Ciherang mutant had advantages in terms of number of tillers, number of productive tillers, and number of panicles. The IR 64 mutant had higher diversity than the IR 64 control in terms of seedling weight, seedling height, seedling root length, panicle weight per clump, and leaf ear size. The Ciherang mutant has higher diversity than the Ciherang control in terms of seedling root length, plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of panicles, leaf neck thickness, leaf blade size, and leaf ear size.