Efektivitas Program Penanggulangan Pra Bencana Banjir pada Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kota Medan

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the pre-flood disaster management program implemented by the Medan City Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), focusing on human resource capacity as a key determinant of successful disaster mitigation. The effectiveness of mitigation, both structural and non-structural, is highly dependent on the capabilities of human resources in planning, coordination, and program implementation. However, onthe-ground conditions indicate that the Medan City BPBD faces significant limitations in both the quantity and quality of its human resources. The staff composition is dominated by casual daily employees (PHL) at 70%, with limited technical disaster training, while only 30% are civil servants (PNS). The dominance of temporary and less competent PHL personnel impacts the low effectiveness of structural mitigation, such as embankment construction and drainage improvements, as well as non-structural mitigation, such as community outreach and education. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. Data analysis was conducted interactively through a process of data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research results indicate that the causes of flooding in Medan City are multidimensional, encompassing natural factors (high rainfall and river overflows) and anthropogenic factors (spatial changes, narrowing of drainage systems, and public littering). In terms of coordination, cross-sectoral/regional coordination is weak and community participation is low. Meanwhile, in terms of adaptation, the program has not been responsive to local dynamics such as changes in spatial planning and community behavior (e.g., dumping waste into rivers). Although there has been a decrease in the frequency of large-scale flooding and increased public awareness, effectiveness has not been achieved due to the incomplete approach.This complexity demands increased human resource capacity, not only sufficient in terms of quantity but also possessing technical and managerial competencies in disaster risk management. This research concludes that the effectiveness of the pre-flood disaster management program in Medan City is not optimal. Therefore, strengthening the human resource capacity of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) needs to be a priority through ongoing disaster training, competency-based recruitment, and improved coordination across sectors and regions.