Analisis dan Optimasi Integrasi Sistem Pirolisis Biomassa dengan Siklus Rankine Organic Menggunakan Simulasi

Abstract

The development of high-capacity power generation systems capable of utilizing low-temperature heat sources is one of the key priorities in renewable energy technology. This study aims to analyze and optimize a thermal system that integrates the biomass pyrolysis process with an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), using Aspen Plus simulation software. Two system configurations are examined: the Basic ORC and the ORC with a recuperator, along with performance evaluations of various refrigerants, including R123, R141b, R245fa, R134a, butane, isobutane, pentane, R601, R1234YF, and R1234ze. The modeling is based on a thermodynamic approach through energy and exergy analyses to compare the performance of different configurations and working fluids. The simulation results show that the application of a recuperator consistently improves thermal efficiency and expander power output. R1234YF exhibits the best performance, achieving a thermal efficiency of 14.04% and a maximum expander power of 1.67 kJ/s. The implementation of a dual-evaporator configuration further enhances the energy quality of the working fluid and expands the utilization of waste heat, resulting in superior performance compared to conventional single-stage systems. The integration of biomass pyrolysis with the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), supported by effective heat recovery and the appropriate selection of refrigerants, holds significant potential in improving energy conversion efficiency. This study recommends the development of more sustainable, adaptive, and efficient ORC systems for low-temperature waste heat recovery applications.