Tipologi Gramatikal dalam Bahasa Mandailing

Abstract

This study aims to examine and describe the grammatical structure of the Mandailing language through a linguistic typology approach, with a primary focus on syntactic aspects. Using a qualitative method, data were collected through observations and interviews with native speakers of Mandailing. The analysis results indicate that the dominant word order pattern in Mandailing is VOS (Verb-Object- Subject), although other variations exist, VOS remains the most frequently used structure in everyday communication. The basic clause structure in Mandailing is categorized into two types: verbal clauses and nonverbal clauses. Verbal clauses have a verb as the predicate and follow the VOS pattern, whereas nonverbal clauses lack a verbal predicate and typically use nouns or adjectives to express states or identities. Furthermore, the study reveals that grammatical relations in Mandailing involve the identification of subjects, direct objects, and indirect objects. The findings conclude that Mandailing belongs to the accusative typology, as subjects are treated similarly to agents but differently from patients. Additionally, voice (diathesis) in Mandailing is a key focus of this research, with results showing two significant types: passive and medial diathesis. The use of these diatheses reflects the unique ways in which Mandailing speakers convey meaning and nuances in communication.