Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica L.) terhadap Jumlah Sel Makrofag pada Model Tikus Periodontitis

Abstract

Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues caused by specific microorganism such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. One of the immune cell that fight the pathogens in inflammatory process is macrophage. Herbal plants such as Tamarind Fruit can be used as supportive therapy because it possesses the anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and other phenolic compounds. This study aim to determine the effect of tamarind fruit extract on the number of macrophage cells in periodontitis rat model. This research is an experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Porphyromonas gingivalis were induced into the 32 male wistar rats after the ligature wire was installed. Then, Tamarind fruit extract was applied with concentrations of 3.125%, 6.25% and 12.5% in the treatment group, whilst the placebo was given to the negative control group. Subsequently, tissue samples were prepared for Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) examination to see macrophage cell count. Based on the results of the Shapiro Wilk test, it was found that the data was not normally distributed, so the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages in the periodontitis rat model of each treatment group. The highest decrease in the number of macrophages was found in the 12.5% Tamarind fruit extract group at 0.57 ± 0.01 while the placebo group experienced an increase in the number of macrophage cells by 2.25 ± 1.00. In conclusion, Tamarind fruit extract has an effect on the number of macrophage cells in a rat model of periodontitis.