Gamifikasi dan ARBook Berbasis Hybrid Augmented Reality dengan Multi-Target Tracking pada Petualangan Belajar Sejarah Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha

Abstract

In History learning in elementary schools is often perceived as less engaging, so media that can increase students’ interest and understanding is needed. This study develops Petualangan Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha, an Augmented Reality (AR) based learning medium built with Vuforia that combines marker-based multi-target and markerless Ground Plane, complemented with quizzes and a star-based progression mechanic. The evaluation comprised (1) black-box functional testing across all scenes (menu, kingdom selection, AR exploration, quiz, storage/leaderboard), (2) a single-group pretest–posttest experiment with 30 fourth-grade students using 20 identical items, (3) media feasibility validation referring to BSNP and contextual assessment by two teachers, (4) learning-motivation evaluation using the ARCS model, and (5) the Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale (GUESS-18). Results indicate that all features run well and stably in functional tests. The mean score increased from 64 (Pre-Test) to 80 (Post-Test), the median from 65 to 80, and the mode from 65 to 85, indicating the medium’s effectiveness in improving understanding. Media feasibility was rated Highly Feasible Content 84,8%, Presentation 83,3%, Language 87,5%, Contextual 89%. ARCS evaluation was also Highly Feasible, Attention 90,42%, Relevance 88,54%, Confidence 89,79%, Satisfaction 85,63%. GUESS-18 yielded a total score of 39,79/56 (~71%), with the strongest aspects being Personal Gratification and Narratives, while Play Engrossment emerged as a priority for improvement.