Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Perundungan Anak di Satuan Pendidikan di Kota Medan (Studi Kasus di Man 1 Kota Medan, SMAN 11 Kota Medan, dan SMAS Utama Kota Medan)

Abstract

Bullying within educational institutions represents a serious issue that causes psychological, social, and academic impacts on children. Although various regulations have been established to ensure child protection, their implementation in Medan City has not yet been fully effective. This study aims to analyze existing legal policies concerning child bullying in schools, evaluate the implementation of legal protection for child victims, and identify the challenges and measures undertaken by schools and related authorities. This research employs a normative juridical method supported by empirical data. The approaches used include the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The main data sources consist of primary legal materials (laws and regulations related to child protection), secondary legal materials (literature, journals, and previous studies), and tertiary legal materials (legal dictionaries and encyclopedias). Additionally, primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observations with authorized parties, including school principals, the Medan City Office of Women Empowerment and Child Protection (DP3A), and the Women and Child Protection Unit (PPA) of the Medan City Police. Legal policies concerning child bullying are principally regulated under Law Number 35 of 2014 on Child Protection, Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Regulation Number 46 of 2023, and several supporting regulations. However, no specific provisions have been consistently applied in madrasahs. The implementation of legal protection in MAN 1 Medan City, SMAN 11 Medan City, and SMAS Utama Medan City remains suboptimal, particularly due to the absence of a Violence Prevention and Handling Team (TPPK) as mandated by regulations. Major obstacles include low legal awareness among school communities, weak reporting culture, and the predominance of informal settlements through familial approaches. Efforts such as counseling, mediation, and socialization have been carried out, yet they remain partial and not systematically integrated. The study recommends strengthening sectoral regulations, establishing school-based protection structures, and fostering a child-oriented legal culture. These steps are expected to create a safe, inclusive, and violence-free educational environment.