Hubungan Kadar Magnesium Terhadap Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis yang Menjalani Hemodialisis Reguler di Rumah Sakit Adam Malik

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health burden. The regulation of blood pressure in CKD patients on hemodialysis (HD) remains a major clinical challenge. Magnesium is an important cation that involved in blood pressure homeostasis. Magnesium imbalance in HD patients has the potential to affect blood pressure; however, scientific evidence in Indonesia is still limited. Objective: To analyze the relationship between magnesium levels and blood pressure in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD) at Adam Malik Hospital. Methods: An analytical observational study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. Subjects were selected via consecutive sampling from patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) who were on regular hemodialysis (HD) in August 2025. Serum magnesium levels were measured using an automated analyzer (colorimetric assay), and blood pressure was recorded pre-hemodialysis. Data analysis was performed using Fisher's Exact Test, with the strength of association measured by Cramer's V and risk estimation by Odds Ratio (OR). Results: A total 66 participants, the majority were hypertensive (71.21%), while 13.64% had elevated blood pressure, and 15.15% were normotensive. Regarding magnesium status, 48.48% of subjects had hypermagnesemia, 42.42% had normal levels, and 9.09% had hypomagnesemia. A statistically significant association was observed between magnesium levels and the incidence of hypertension (p< 0.001), with a moderate strength of association (Cramer’s V = 0.428). The Odds Ratio for hypermagnesemia associated with hypertension was 1.94 (95% CI: 0.65 to 5.81). Conclusion: Serum magnesium levels are significantly correlate with hypertension in CKD patients on regular HD. Hypermagnesemia tends to increase the risk of hypertension. Routine monitoring of magnesium levels should be considered as part of comprehensive management in dialysis patients.