Hubungan Gastritis dengan Kejadian Anemia Mikrositik Hipokromik

Abstract

Introduction. Anemia is a common health problem in Indonesia. One of the main factors contributing to refractory anemia is impaired iron absorption caused by gastritis, which can result in hypochromic microcytic anemia as observed on peripheral blood examination. Although the prevalence of gastritis in Indonesia is relatively high, data examining its association with anemia remain limited. Objective. To determine the prevalence and relationship between gastritis and hypochromic microcytic anemia. Methods. This study employed an observational analytic approach with a retrospective cross-sectional design. Total sampling was used to collect secondary data from medical records at Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, covering the period from January 2022 to May 2025. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical tests. Results and Discussion. Among 148 patients aged 20–80 years, 103 (69.6%) had gastritis. The majority were male (55.3%), older than 60 years (49.5%), employed (62.1%), Batak ethnicity (73.8%), and had completed junior or senior high school (72.8%). More than half had comorbidities (53.4%; P = 0.005), no history of medication use (60.2%), anemia (79.6%; P = 0.001), and hypochromic microcytic anemia (51.2%; P = 0.013). Conclusion. Patients with gastritis were more likely to experience hypochromic microcytic anemia—particularly iron-deficiency anemia—than those without gastritis and this association was statistically significant. Therefore, appropriate early management is needed for gastritis patients at risk of developing anemia.