Hubungan Kadar Vitamin D3 Dengan Fungsi Seksual Menggunakan Kuisioner Female Sexual Function Index Pada Wanita Perimenopause dan Menopause

Abstract

Background: Menopause is a global issue that affects both developed and developing countries. Epidemiologically, female sexual dysfunction is quite common, affecting 25–43% of women, and this percentage increases sharply after menopause. Sexual function is an important part of a woman‘s life, and low sexual function has adverse effects on physical and psychological health. Some evidence also suggests a possible role of vitamin D₃ in the regulation of sexual function. Low vitamin D₃ levels may be associated with sexual disorders; however, this still requires further investigation as it has been studied very little. This study aimed to determine the relationship between vitamin D₃ levels and sexual function based on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire in perimenopausal and menopausal women. Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a case-control design to compare the relationship between vitamin D₃ levels and sexual function in perimenopausal and menopausal women based on the FSFI questionnaire. The study involved a total of 34 perimenopausal women and 34 menopausal women selected using consecutive sampling during the period of July–November 2025. Results: Statistical analysis included independent T-test/Mann–Whitney, ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis, chi-square, and Pearson/Spearman correlation tests with a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed that the total FSFI score in the menopausal group was significantly lower than in the perimenopausal group (17.89 ± 7.20 vs median 25.3 [17.4–31.8]; p<0.001), with the prevalence of sexual dysfunction being 91.2% and 64.7%, respectively (p=0.008). The mean serum vitamin D₃ level was also lower in menopausal women than in perimenopausal women (21.00 ± 5.19 ng/mL vs 26.21 ± 6.88 ng/mL; p<0.001). Vitamin D₃ deficiency was more frequently found in the menopausal group (50.0%) compared to the perimenopausal group (20.6%; p=0.008). The total FSFI score and several main domains (arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction) increased in line with improvement in vitamin D₃ status, with a strong positive correlation between vitamin D₃ levels and total FSFI score in both the perimenopausal group (r=0.839; p<0.001) and the menopausal group (r=0.748; p<0.001). Vitamin D₃ has a strong association with sexual function, whereas the duration of menopause does not show a significant relationship with sexual function after considering vitamin D₃ levels in menopausal women. Conclusion: Vitamin D₃ levels are positively associated with sexual function in perimenopausal and menopausal women. Vitamin D₃ deficiency and menopausal status are associated with increased sexual dysfunction; therefore, monitoring and correction of vitamin D₃ levels have the potential to become an important part of the management of sexual dysfunction in this population. Keywords: vitamin D₃, sexual function, FSFI, menopause