Gambaran Profil Lipid pada Pasien Rawat Inap Sindrom Koroner Akut di Rumah Sakit Vita Insani Pematangsiantar Tahun 2019–2024

Abstract

Background. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The most common type of cardiovascular disease is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), which can manifest as Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Dyslipidemia, or an imbalance in plasma lipid levels, is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis that triggers the onset of ACS. Objective. This study aimed to describe the lipid profile and other atherosclerotic risk factors (history of smoking, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus), as well as the trend of lipid profiles in ACS patients across the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. Methods. This research was a quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The samples were obtained from secondary data in medical records, selected using a consecutive sampling technique proportionally for each year. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis. Results. Most patients were diagnosed with Unstable Angina Pectoris (67%), with a predominance of males (67%) and those aged 45–64 years (61.7%). The majority had a history of hypertension (59.7%), smoking (51.3%), and obesity stage I (48.7%) and stage II (28.7%). The highest mean total cholesterol level was found in the pre-pandemic period (204.92 ± 48.39 mg/dL) and the lowest during the pandemic (182.65 ± 46.39 mg/dL). LDL levels showed a similar pattern, while HDL levels tended to decrease from the pre-pandemic (40.97 ± 10.58 mg/dL) to post-pandemic period (38.01 ± 9.56 mg/dL). Triglyceride levels increased progressively from the pre-pandemic (142.05 ± 52.66 mg/dL), pandemic (154.29 ± 63.23 mg/dL), to post-pandemic period (158.49 ± 70.85 mg/dL). Conclusion. There were changes in lipid profile patterns among Acute Coronary Syndrome patients during 2019–2024. Total cholesterol and LDL decreased during the pandemic and increased again post-pandemic, while HDL continuously declined and triglycerides tended to increase.