Pengaruh Paparan Formalin secara Inhalasi Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Histopatologi Ginjal pada Tikus Wistar

Abstract

Background: Formalin exposure is known to cause oxidative stress and tissue damage, including nephrotoxicity. The kidney is a major organ affected by formalin toxicity due to its role in filtration and metabolic detoxification. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of kidney histopathology, body and kidney weight induced of different concentration inhaled formalin in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This true experimental study employed a post-test only control group design, consisting of four groups (n = 6 per group): control (K0), formalin 10 ppm (K1), formalin 50 ppm (K2), and formalin 100 ppm (K3). Formalin exposure was administered via inhalation for four weeks. Body weight, kidney weight, and histopathological score were evaluated. Tubular and glomerular damages were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post hoc Mann-Whitney test, body weight before and after experimentalwith paired t-test, kidney weight with One-Way ANOVA test. Results: Formalin exposure induced significant decreased in both body weight K3 100ppm (p=0.031) and kidney weight K2 50ppm (p=0.001) compared the control group . The Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference in tubular injury among groups (p < 0.05), with more severe damage observed in the K2 50ppm and 100ppm groups (p= 0.010; p= 0.041). However, glomerular scores showed no significant difference among groups (p = 0.07). Conclusion: Inhalation of formalin, particularly at concentrations of 50–100ppm, induced kidney damage characterized by tubular necrosis and reduction in kidney weight. These findings suggest that prolonged or repeated exposure to formalin may contribute to oxidative stress mediated renal structural deterioration and functional impairment.