Hubungan Kadar HbA1c dengan Kadar Profil Lipid pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion and action. Prolonged hyperglycemia may lead to disturbances in lipid metabolism, indicated by elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, as well as decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) serves as a major indicator of long-term glycemic control, while lipid profile parameters are essential for assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between HbA1c levels and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in 2025 using secondary data obtained from medical records of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, from January to December 2024. A total of 103 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collected included HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman rank correlation test. Results: Most respondents were aged 76-83 years, with a higher proportion of females (54.4%) than males (45.6%). The results showed no significant correlation between HbA1c and total cholesterol (r = 0.181; p = 0.067), LDL (r =0,183; p =0,064) or HDL (r = 0.037; p = 0.708). However, there was a significant positive correlation between HbA1c and triglyceride levels (r = 0.325; p = 0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant positive correlation between HbA1c and triglyceride levels, while no significant correlation was found with total cholesterol, LDL and HDL. These findings indicate that poor glycemic control contributes to an increase in atherogenic lipid fractions, thereby elevating the risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.