Pola Bakteri dan Uji Kepekaan Antibiotik dari Sampel Pus Penderita Infeksi Luka Operasi di Departemen Bedah Rumah Sakit Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Background. Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common postoperative complications that increases morbidity, length of hospital stay, and treatment costs. The changing pattern of causative bacteria and rising antibiotic resistance present significant challenges in managing postoperative infections. Objective. This study aims to determine the bacterial patterns and antibiotic susceptibility profiles from pus samples of patients with surgical site infections at the Department of Surgery, Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA during the period of January 2024 to June 2025. Method. This was a descriptive retrospective study using secondary data from positive culture results of pus samples obtained from patients diagnosed with surgical site infections. Data included bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility test (antibiogram) results. Univariate analysis was conducted to describe the frequency distribution of bacterial isolates and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Results. A total of 45 samples met the inclusion criteria. Most patients were aged 45–59 years (40.0%) and female (60.0%). The majority of cases occurred in the General Surgery Department (40.0%). The predominant bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli (28.9%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.2%) among Gram-negative bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus (15.6%) among Gram- positive bacteria. Antibiotics with the highest sensitivity rates (≥80%) included Meropenem, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Cefepime, Vancomycin, Linezolid, and Tetracycline. Multidrug-resistant isolates such as ESBL-producing E. coli, MRSA, and carbapenemase-producing strains were also identified, indicating a rising trend of resistance to β-lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Conclusion. Most surgical site infections were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, particularly E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Meropenem and Amikacin remained the most effective antibiotics against Gram-negative isolates, while Vancomycin and Linezolid were effective against Gram- positive isolates. Continuous surveillance of resistance patterns and strict antibiotic stewardship are essential to maintain the effectiveness of empirical therapy in hospitals.