Hubungan antara Kadar Natrium dan Kadar Kalium pada Pasien Hipertensi di RS Prof.Dr.Chairuddin P.Lubis Medan periode Bulan Januari sampai Desember 2024

Abstract

Background: Electrolyte imbalance—particularly involving sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺)—plays a central role in the pathophysiology of hypertension through its effects on fluid balance, vascular tone, and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity. However, local evidence evaluating serum sodium and potassium profiles among hypertensive patients remains limited. Objective: To assess the association between serum sodium and potassium levels with blood pressure among hypertensive patients, and to examine the influence of family history of hypertension and smoking history on electrolyte profiles. Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted using secondary medical record data of hypertensive patients at Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, Medan, from January to December 2024. Bivariate analyses were performed using Pearson or Spearman correlation, independent t-test or Mann–Whitney test, and ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test depending on data distribution. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Serum sodium showed a significant correlation with systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Although sodium levels did not differ by family history, potassium levels demonstrated a significant difference, with lower mean ranks observed in patients with a positive family history of hypertension. Smoking history was not associated with either sodium or potassium levels. These findings suggest that familial predisposition may modulate electrolyte regulation, whereas smoking likely influences blood pressure through non-electrolyte pathways. Conclusion: Serum sodium is significantly associated with blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Family history may influence potassium regulation, supporting the gene-lifestyle interaction framework. Smoking does not affect serum electrolyte levels. Future research should include dietary sodium/potassium assessment, Na⁺/K⁺ ratio analysis, and genetic markers.