Hubungan Imunisasi Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) dengan Kejadian Tuberkulosis pada Anak di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Medan

Abstract

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the infectious diseases that remains a global health problem, including in children. This is due to the weak immunity in children which is influenced by one of the risk factors, namely the administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunization. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunization has been shown to provide protection against severe forms of tuberculosis, but it is effectiveness can be various between populations. Aim. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Bacillus CalmetteGuerin (BCG) immunization and the incidence of tuberculosis in children at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Hospital in Medan. Methods. This study is an analytical observational study using a case-control study design. The study sample was children aged 0-18 years, with 25 children with tuberculosis at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 2055, INDONESIA, in the period of June-October 2025 and 25 children without tuberculosis as controls and data were selected by total sampling. After calculating using the Lemeshow formula, a minimum sample size of 23 was required. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test and fishers exact test using SPSS version 25 software. Results. Of the 50 samples, the majority of patients were aged 1-10 years (50%), male (54%), well-nourished (74%), and had pulmonary tuberculosis (60%) had received BCG immunization (84%). Bivariate analysis showed a relationship between Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunization and the incidence of tuberculosis in children (p <0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunization and the incidence of tuberculosis in children.