Pemetaan Titik Konflik Manusia dengan Orangutan Sumatera (Pongo abelii) di Kecamatan Sekitar Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser Periode Tahun 2012-2024

Abstract

Conflict between humans and sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) is one of the main problems that threaten the sustainability of this species, especially in areas experiencing changes in land use due to human activities such as land clearing for agriculture, plantations and settlements. This study aims to analyze the distribution of conflict points and determine the level of vulnerability at each conflict point between humans and sumatran orangutans (P. abelii) in Bahorok District and Batang Serangan District, the area around Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL), during the period 2012–2024. Research data were obtained through field surveys and secondary data from the Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA). Data analysis was carried out using a Geographic Information System (GIS) by considering several biophysical parameters, namely land cover, NDVI, altitude, slope, and distance from forests and rivers. The results showed that there were 74 points of conflict between humans and Sumatran orangutans. Conflicts most frequently occur in areas with forest land cover, with very high NDVI vegetation, particularly in areas with gentle slopes (8-15%), low elevations (100-200 meters above sea level), and distances of 0-500 meters from forests and 0-100 meters from rivers. The dominant types of conflict are crop damage and the presence of isolated Sumatran orangutans in agricultural and plantation areas. Scoring results indicate that the majority of the study areas are in the high vulnerability category. This study confirms that human-sumatran orangutan conflict around TNGL is a serious problem. Therefore, the results of this study can be the basis for formulating more effective conflict mitigation strategies based on regional priorities.