Gambaran Kadar Protein Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A pada Nevus Pigmentosus

Abstract

Introduction: Pigmented nevus, clinically known as a pigmented mole, is a skin lesion caused by the proliferation of melanocytes. One of the genetic factors thought to play a role in this transformation process is cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), a tumor suppressor gene that plays an important role in cell cycle regulation. Mutations or dysfunction of the CDKN2A gene have been associated with an increased risk of familial melanoma, but its relationship to the characteristics and development of pigmented nevus is still not fully understood. Aim: Understanding the expression pattern of CDKN2A in nevus pigmentosus. Subjects and Methods: This study was an observational research with a cross- sectional design involving 40 patients with pigmentous nevus. Each patient underwent anamnesis, dermatological examination, and blood sampling to assess CDKN2A levels using the ELISA test. The collected data were analyzed statistically in the form of descriptive data. Results: The majority of subjects with pigmentous nevus were female, accounting for 28 subjects (70%), predominantly within the 18–25-year age group (15 subjects, 37.5%), and most were employed in service and sales occupations (19 subjects, 47.5%). The mean number of pigmented nevus was 15.3 ± 13.7, with an average CDKN2A expression level of 98.13 ± 84.58 ng/mL, anda the dermoscopic findings showed that the most common pigment color was brown (100%), with a predominant reticular pigment pattern (100%) and a uniform distribution (92.5%). Conclusion: These results indicate that expression profile CDKN2A plays a role in the formation of pigmented nevus; however, further studies are needed to evaluate its association with the number, size, and potential malignant transformation of the lesions.