Peran Ekstrak Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium DC) terhadap Kadar Plasminogen Aktivator Inhibitor – 1 (PAI - 1), Pentraxin 3 (PTX 3), Nitric Oxide (NO) dan Gambaran Histopatologi Arteri Spiralis Tikus Model Preeklamsia

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy-related hypertension is a major factor in the development of preeclampsia, a disorder characterized by impaired trophoblast invasion into the spiral arteries, placental hypoxia or ischemia, and oxidative stress. Excessive free radicals and reactive oxygen species induce lipid peroxidation, leading to endothelial damage and decreased nitric oxide (NO) production, while also disrupting prostaglandin function. Inflammatory mediators such as Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor - 1 (PAI - 1) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) are reported to be dysregulated in preeclampsia. Andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC), known to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and fibrinolytic properties, making it a potential therapeutic agent. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of andaliman extract on spiral artery histology, PAI - 1, PTX3, and NO levels in a preeclampsia rat model. Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five groups: negative control (KN), positive control (KP), treatment groups P1 (Aspilet 1.35 mg), P2 (100 mg andaliman extract), and P3 (200 mg andaliman extract). A Posttest Only Control Group Design was employed. Results: Showed significant decreases in PAI - 1 levels (KP vs. P1: 9.278 vs. 6.194, p=0.006; KP vs. P2: 9.278 vs. 6.063, p=0.004), PTX3 levels (KP vs. P2: 77.306 vs. 53.126, p=0.002; KP vs. P3: 77.306 vs. 51.693, p<0.001), and an increase in NO levels (KP vs. P1: 0.309 vs. 0.820, p=0.011). Histological observations revealed that andaliman extract improved spiral artery remodeling, while aspilet showed only antioxidant and fibrinolytic effects. Conclusion: Andaliman extract demonstrates anti inflammatory, antioxidant, and fibrinolytic activities and effectively improves spiral artery structure in preeclampsia, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic candidate.