Karakteristik Pasien Sindrom Koroner Akut (SKA) di RS Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Tahun 2024

Abstract

Introduction. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) significantly contributes to the mortality of coronary heart disease. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for improving outcomes. Diagnosing ACS requires consideration of individual characteristics, clinical presentation, and risk factors. Objective. To determine the characteristics, clinical presentation, and risk factors of ACS patients. Methods. The observational study with a cross-sectional design analyzed the frequency distribution of patients and examined the relationships of age group, gender, smoking history, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus with the types of ACS (UAP, NSTEMI, STEMI). Data were collected from medical records at secondary-level healthcare, Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA in 2024. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests Monte Carlo simulations. Results and Discussion. Among 259 patients, most ACS cases occurred in males (62.2%) and those aged 45–59 years (44.8%). The predominant ACS type was UAP (45.9%). The main clinical presentations were chest pain (96.5%), radiating chest pain (77.2%), shortness of breath (59.5%), and palpitations (7.7%). Risk factors included smoking (59.5%), hypertension (65.3%), and diabetes mellitus (32.8%). Bivariate analysis showed moderate associations between ACS type and gender (p=0.001, V=0.331), smoking (p=0.001, V=0.335), hypertension (p=0.001, V=0.268), and DM (p=0.01, V=0.216). Conclusion. Most ACS patients were aged 45-59 years and male gender. The main symptom was chest pain, with a history of smoking and hypertension as the most frequent risk factors.