Karakterisasi Morfologi Tanaman Kopi (Coffea Spp.) di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan

Abstract

This study aims to identify and describe the morphological characteristics of coffee plants (Coffea spp.) cultivated in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, particularly in the districts of Doloksanggul, Lintongnihuta, and Pollung. The research employed an exploratory survey method with purposive sampling across nine selected villages. Twenty-seven coffee accessions were observed based on qualitative and quantitative morphological traits according to the IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) coffee descriptor. Data were analyzed using the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) method through the NTSYS software to construct a morphological similarity dendrogram among accessions. The results revealed significant morphological diversity among coffee genotypes across the three districts. Four major clusters with high morphological similarity values (0.84–1.00) indicated strong genetic homogeneity, whereas accessions such as C23 and C24 formed distinct clusters with low similarity values (<0.60), suggesting potential genetic variation for breeding purposes. Cluster A, dominated by accessions from Doloksanggul and Pollung, exhibited bushy crowns, oval leaves, and round red fruits, while Cluster B from Lintongnihuta showed pyramidal crowns, elliptical leaves, and yellow oval fruits. These findings indicate that the morphological diversity of coffee in Humbang Hasundutan is influenced by genetic factors, agroclimatic conditions, and local agronomic practices, offering valuable potential for the development of superior local varieties.