Pembuatan Papan Plastik Komposit dari Limbah Gergajian Kayu Meranti (Shorea sp.) dan Limbah Plastik Polipropilena

Abstract

One way to reduce polypropylene plastic and meranti sawdust (Shorea sp.) waste is to produce wood plastic composite. In this research, wood plastic composite were produced with a ratio of polypropylene plastic: red meranti (weight/weight) of 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20, referring to previous studies which showed that a plastic content of 60% to 80% produced optimal composite boards, as well as the addition of 5% maleic anhydride (MAH) binding agent to compare the quality of the boards. This study aims to analyze the effect of the polypropylene (PP):red meranti ratio on the characteristics of plastic composite boards, analyze the effect of the addition of maleic anhydride on material compatibility, and examine the interaction between the PP:red meranti ratio and the addition of MAH. The method for manufacturing plastic composite boards included preparing materials according to the PP:red meranti ratio, namely 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20, and adding 5% MAH. The heating and pressing process was carried out at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes with a pressure of 35 kgf/cm². The board testing included physical and mechanical property testing in accordance with JIS A 5908 (2003) and FAO (1996) standards. The physical property test results showed a density ranging from 0.72 to 0.89 g/cm³, water content of 0.33 to 1.64%, water absorption rate of 4.72 to 27.69%, and thickness expansion of 3.62 to 7.93%. The Mechanical property tests showed a Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) ranging from 13,039.71 to 17,085.32 kgf/cm², a Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of 93.39 to 132.16 kgf/cm², and Internal Bonding (IB) of 1.50 to 3.03 kgf/cm². Weighting of the boards was carried out in accordance with JIS A 5908 (2003) and FAO 1966 standards, resulting in a ratio of 70:30, with MAH being the best board. Based on statistical analysis, the ratio of raw materials has an effect on improving the physical and mechanical properties of the boards, and the addition of MAH can improve the physical properties of the boards.