Akurasi Diagnostik Sitologi Karsinoma Paru Dibandingkan dengan Histopatologi di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Profesor Dokter Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Tahun 2024

Abstract

Background. Lung carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis plays a crucial role in determining treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. Cytological examination of the lung is a minimally invasive and rapid diagnostic method, yet its accuracy remains variable compared to histopathological examination as the gold standard. Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cytological examination in diagnosing lung carcinoma, to compare cytology results with histopathology, and to analyze the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic concordance. Methods. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design using medical record data of patients who underwent both pulmonary cytological and histopathological examinations at Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia, during 2024. Samples were selected using a total sampling technique based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS software to calculate sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and Cohen’s Kappa test to assess the agreement between cytological and histopathological findings. Result. A total of 58 patients met the inclusion criteria. Cytological examination demonstrated a sensitivity of 75.6%, specificity of 76.9%, PPV of 91.9%, NPV of 47.6%, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 75.9%. The Kappa value of 0.431 indicated a moderate agreement between cytological and histopathological diagnoses. Conclusion. A total of 58 patients met the inclusion criteria. Cytological examination demonstrated a sensitivity of 75.6%, specificity of 76.9%, PPV of 91.9%, NPV of 47.6%, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 75.9%. The Kappa value of 0.431 indicated a moderate agreement between cytological and histopathological diagnoses.