Studi Cemaran Mikroplastik pada Ikan Mujair (Oreochromis Mossambicus) di Danau Pasang Surut (Studi Kasus: Danau Siombak)

Abstract

Microplastics are fragmented particles of plastic material with a size of <5 mm derived from domestic waste, industrial waste, and various activities that can lead to contamination of the erea. Microplastic presence is also found in the water. One example of biota that has microplastic contamination potential is fish, especially gills and digestive organs. A common type of fish found in the waters of Lake Siombak is the mujair (oreochromis mossambicus). This study aims to analyze the shape, color, size, type of polymer, and abundance of microplastics in gills and digestive organs, especially intestinal and stomach parts of mosaic fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), and analyze the factors affecting microplastic abundance in fish bodies. This method of research uses random sampling purposive techniques, i.e. the individual choice of a population according to the needs or purpose of the study, with fish sampling at two different rainfall variations with two areas of the sampling location. Gill and digestive organ parts are then analyzed by destruction using 10% KOH and screening using Whatman 42 paper, microplastic observations are analyzed using stereo microscopy, and polymer tests using Raman spectroscopy. The results of this study show that microplastics are found throughout the gills and parts of the digestive organs observed, with the most dominant form being fragments. The predominant color in microplastics is black, while the predominant size in the range is 2.5 µm to 500 µm. A successful type of polymer is polyethylene (PE), especially in microplastic film forms. The factor influencing microplastic abundance in mujair in the waters of Lake Siombak is the influence of sampling locations, based on statistical test analysis. The highest abundance is found in the lake inlet location, which is affected by some residential and industrial activities around the watershed. This finding confirms that fish in Lake Siombak have been contaminated by microplastics that have the potential to threaten the health of aquatic organisms, including consumable fish.