Analisis Kualitas Udara dalam Ruang dan Hubungannya dengan Sick Building Syndrome di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis USU

Abstract

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in hospital inpatient rooms plays an important role in occupant health and has the potential to trigger complaints of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). This study aimed to analyze indoor air quality, identify symptoms of SBS, and examine the association between indoor air quality parameters and the occurrence of SBS in inpatient rooms at Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis University Hospital. A cross-sectional study design was applied, with independent variables consisting of temperature, humidity, lighting, ventilation rate, PM2.5, PM10, CO2, TVOC, and airborne microbial count, while the dependent variable being SBS. Measurements of indoor air quality were conducted directly using measuring instruments in eight inpatient rooms over three consecutive days, while SBS symptom data were collected through questionnaires completed by patient companions present in the rooms. The results showed that lighting (91.1–410.7 lux), PM2.5 (4.9–6.3 μg/m³), PM10 (6.7–10 μg/m³), CO2 (407–421.8 ppm), and TVOC (0.028–0.077 ppm) met the quality standards, whereas temperature (24.1–29.4°C), humidity (53.9–63.6%RH), ventilation rate (0–0.2 m/s) exceeded the threshold limits set by the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023, and airborne bacteria (602.5–2298.8 CFU/m³) exceeded the limit specified in the Decree of the Minister of Health No. 1204 of 2004. The highest prevalence of SBS was found in the Cendana 4 inpatient room (100%), with the most frequently reported symptoms being drowsiness and stress, sneezing, flu, coughing, fatigue, and lethargy. Chi-square statistical analysis revealed no significant association between indoor air quality parameters and the occurrence of SBS (p-value > 0.05). The occurrence of SBS in inpatient rooms is not influenced by a single parameter but is multifactorial in nature.