Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome pada Pasien Acquired Brain Injury di ICU RS Adam Malik Periode Januari 2022 – Desember 2024

Abstract

Introduction. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe respiratory complication that often occurs in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) during intensive care in the ICU. This condition is a significant cause of mortality. Several factors, such as advanced age, gender, low GCS score, sepsis, and pneumonia, are suspected to play a role in the development of ARDS in patients with ABI. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for early prevention and management to improve patient outcomes. Objective. This study aims to analyze the relationship of risk factors to the incidence of ARDS in ABI patients in the ICU of Adam Malik Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024. Method. This study is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design conducted on 270 ABI patients treated in the ICU of Adam Malik Hospital and met the inclusion criteria. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between diagnosis, age, gender, GCS score, sepsis, and pneumonia with the incidence of ARDS. Results and Discussion. Of the 270 ABI patients, 199 patients (73.7%) experienced ARDS and 71 patients (26.3%) did not experience ARDS. The chi-square test results showed that age (p = 0.433) and gender (p = 0.376) did not have a significant association with the incidence of ARDS. In contrast, GCS score, sepsis, and pneumonia showed a significant association with the incidence of ARDS in ABI patients (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that diagnosis, GCS score, and sepsis were independently associated with the incidence of ARDS, whereas age, gender, and pneumonia did not show any significant association. Conclusion. There was a significant association between diagnosis, GCS score, and sepsis with the incidence of ARDS in ABI patients, while age, gender, and pneumonia independently showed no significant association.