In Vitro Morfogenesis Tunas Terong Belanda (Solanum betaceum Cav.) Menggunakan BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine) dan NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid)

Abstract

This research aims to determine how the concentrations of the two hormones, BAP and NAA, can affect the ability of explants to produce optimal and good shoots in the morphogenesis of tamarillo plants. This research was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, Medan, at an altitude of ± 25 meters above sea level, from March 2025 to August 2025. This research uses a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 7 treatments and 8 replications. BAP (B) concentrations: B0 (0 ppm), B1 (1 ppm), B2 (2 ppm), B3 (3 ppm). NAA (N) concentrations: N0 (0 ppm), N1 (0.25 ppm), N2 (0.5 ppm). The parameters observed in this study include the percentage of live explants, the percentage of explants forming shoots, the number of days to shoot emergence, the number of shoots, shoot height, the number of leaves, the number of somatic embryos per explant, the number of rooted shoots, microscopic observation of somatic embryos, callus color, callus texture, and media color. The research results show that the application of BAP and NAA to all shoot parameters yielded a value of 0. Nevertheless, the combination of these two plant growth regulators resulted in callus with variations in color from brownish to dark brown and a crumbly and compact texture, indicating differences in physiological responses between treatments. Additionally, in some treatments, the formation of somatic embryos was observed in the globular and heart phases, although they did not develop further into shoots. Thus, the various concentrations of BAP and NAA used in this study were not yet optimal for shoot induction, but they have the potential to direct cell differentiation thru somatic embryogenesis.