Karakteristik Hematologis, Demografis, Klinis, dan Patologis Pasien Kanker Kolorektal di Rumah Sakit Adam Malik Medan Periode 2023-2024

Abstract

Introduction. Colorectal cancer is the second most fatal type of carcinoma and ranks as the third most common globally. With its slow progression and often asymptomatic presentation until reaching an advanced stage, observation of its characteristics is crucial for early detection. Objective. To determine the characteristics of hematological, demographic, clinical, and pathological parameters at the time of colorectal cancer diagnosis at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, for the period 2023–2024. Methods. This study used a cross-sectional design with a descriptive type. The sampling technique was carried out using a total sampling of medical records that met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 210 samples. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with a univariate analysis method. Results and Discussion. The majority of patients were aged 55–64 years (28.1%) and male (53.3%). The most common clinical symptom was bloody defecation (61.9%). Most patients had a normal body mass index, with the most frequent tumor location in the rectum (54.3%). Almost all cases had the histopathological type of adenocarcinoma (99.5%) with well-differentiated features, and were most frequently diagnosed at stage IVA (30.5%). The hematological profile showed that most patients had low hemoglobin levels (73.3%) and low erythrocyte counts (51.4%), normal MCV (61.9%), normal MCH (51.4%), low MCHC (49.5%), normal eosinophils (72.4%), normal basophils (97.6%), high neutrophils (77.1%), low lymphocytes (58.6%), normal monocytes (39.5%), normal leukocytes (57.6%), and normal platelets (71.9%). Conclusion. The finding of anemia, characterized by low hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels, is consistent with the most common clinical manifestation of bloody defecation. Neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia reflect systemic inflammation associated with colorectal cancer.