Hubungan antara Kadar Serum Laktat dengan Karnofsky Perfomance Status, Derajat Keganasan dan Ukuran Tumor pada Pasien Tumor Primer Intrakranial di RS Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Background: Lactate serves as a key metabolic product of anaerobic glycolysis in brain tumor cells undergoing the Warburg effect. Elevated lactate levels reflect increased metabolic activity, tissue hypoxia, and tumor aggressiveness, and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for primary intracranial malignancies. Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum lactate levels and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), tumor grade, and tumor volume in patients with primary intracranial tumors. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 32 patients with primary intracranial tumors at Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collected included patient demographics, functional status assessed using the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), tumor grade based on histopathological findings, and tumor volume based on radiological imaging. Results: Among the 32 study participants, the majority had low-grade tumors (71.9%). The median tumor volume was 40.81 cm³ (range: 2.41–353.56 cm³), median KPS score was 70 (range: 40–90), and median serum lactate level was 2.4 mmol/L (range: 1.41–6.66 mmol/L). Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant and strong positive correlation between serum lactate levels and tumor grade (r = 0.772, p < 0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between serum lactate levels and either KPS score (p = 0.195) or tumor volume (p = 0.903) in patients with primary intracranial tumors. Conclusion: Serum lactate levels are positively correlated with tumor grade in patients with primary intracranial tumors.