Keragaan M1 Padi Gogo (Oryza sativa L.) Kultivar Gajah Asal Pasaribu Tobing dengan Iradiasi Sinar Gamma

Abstract

Rice is one of the most important food crops in Indonesia. One way to increase genetic diversity and germplasm of rice plants is by using local rice cultivars. One way to improve and obtain superior characteristics is through mutation breeding. This study aims to determine the growth characteristics and determine the population performance of the M1 generation using local upland rice cultivars from Pasaribu Tobing resulting from gamma ray irradiation. This study was conducted at Jalan Pasar 1 Number 296, Tj. Sari, Medan Selayang District, North Sumatra Province, from January 2025 to August 2025. M1 rice plant seeds were obtained from a village from Pasaribu Tobing District which were then sent to the National Research and Innovation Agency for gamma ray irradiation treatment. The seeds were soaked for 48 hours before being sown in a damp cloth / napkin. Selected seedlings were planted in planting tubs which would then be transferred to the research field later. Plant observations consisted of plant height (cm), number of tillers (stems), number of productive tillers (stems), flowering age (days), harvest age (days), flag leaf area (cm2), panicle length (cm), number of grains (grains), percentage of filled and empty grains (%), weight of 1000 grains of grain (gr), and grain production (gr). The analytical method used in this study was descriptive analysis consisting of one sample, namely upland rice cultivar Gajah with gamma ray irradiation treatment at doses of 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy with a paired T test. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel to find the mean and standard deviation. The results showed that control plants still produced higher production than the mutant treatment, with a more varied standard deviation in the mutant treatment. Mutant treatment significantly affected plant height, flowering age, harvest age, panicle length, shape and weight of grain, and leaf shape of the plant.