Perbandingan Tingkat Keparahan Klinis Pneumonia pada Pasien dengan dan tanpa Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSUD Drs. H. Amri Tambunan Lubuk Pakam Periode Januari–Desember 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumonia remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Indonesia. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is known to impair immune system function, thereby increasing susceptibility to infections and exacerbating the severity of pneumonia. Objective: To determine the comparison of the clinical severity of pneumonia in patients with and without type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at RSUD Drs. H. Amri Tambunan Lubuk Pakam during the period of January-December 2024. Methods: This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data were obtained from medical records of hospitalized patients diagnosed with pneumonia who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, totaling 156 patients. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p<0.05. Results and discussion: Of the total sample analyzed, most pneumonia patients were female (50.6%) and belonged to the late-adult age group of 56–65 years (31.4%). Based on nutritional status, the majority of patients were classified as normal (53.3%). Most patients presented with mild pneumonia severity (82.5%). Among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 73.1% had mild severity, while 92.3% of those without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus had mild severity. The Chi-Square test demonstrated a significant association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and clinical severity of pneumonia (p=0.012; OR=1.083; 95% CI: 1.016–1.155). Conclusion: There is a significant association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and pneumonia severity among patients at RSUD Drs. H. Amri Tambunan Lubuk Pakam. Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus may impair immune responses and increase the risk of more severe pneumonia.