| dc.description.abstract | Goat milk is a natural food product classified as a perishable commodity with a high
susceptibility to microbial contamination, including Coliform and Escherichia coli
bacteria. In many traditional farms, milk processing is still carried out manually—
from milking and filling to packaging—which increases the risk of contamination and
reduces milk quality. This study aims to design an automated system, compare its
performance with manual methods, and analyze the effective UV sterilization time for
goat milk. The system was developed using several key components, including a
flowmeter, capacitive proximity sensor, conveyor motor, DC pump, solenoid valve,
LED indicators, and a PLC module as the main controller. The test results indicate
that the capacitive proximity sensor operates effectively at a distance of 0.5–1.5 cm,
while the conveyor achieves an average speed of 0.0542 m/s along a 0.62 m track.
The flowmeter is capable of measuring an average volume of 331.6 mL within 4.056
seconds, corresponding to a flow rate of 4.91 L/min and an operating frequency of
48.08 Hz, with a standard deviation of 3.51 mL. Meanwhile, the manual system
achieves average filling volumes of 286.67 mL, 300 mL, and 308.33 mL, with standard
deviations of 30.54 mL, 30 mL, and 30.15 mL, respectively. The UV sterilization
feature demonstrates high effectiveness, reducing bacterial counts from 3.1–3.2×10⁶
CFU/mL to 5–6×10¹ CFU/mL after 3 minutes of exposure, achieving an inactivation
rate of more than 99.9%. Thus, the proposed system is proven to be feasible and
effective, with strong potential to improve hygiene, accuracy, and efficiency in small-
to medium-scale goat milk processing. | en_US |
