Hubungan Pengetahuan tentang Faktor Risiko dan Pencegahan Sekunder dengan Manajemen Diri Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner di RS Adam Malik

Abstract

Background. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and in Indonesia. Recurrence and complications of CHD are strongly influenced by cardiovascular risk factors as well as suboptimal secondary prevention and patient self-care. Knowledge of risk factors and secondary prevention is assumed to play an important role in successful self-care, yet the relationship between the two has been inconsistent across various studies. Objective. To determine the relationship between knowledge of risk factors and secondary prevention with self-care among CHD patients at the Cardiology Clinic of Adam Malik Hospital Medan. Methods. This was a descriptive analytic study with a cross-sectional design involving 72 CHD patients who had been diagnosed by cardiologists and were undergoing outpatient care at the Cardiology Clinic of Adam Malik Hospital from August to November 2025, selected using consecutive sampling. Data were collected using a knowledge questionnaire based on the modified Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire (HDFQ) and a self-care questionnaire assessing self-care maintenance, self-care management, and self-care confidence. Data analysis included univariate analysis with frequency distributions and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results. Most respondents were elderly aged 60–99 years (54.2%), male (84.7%), had a senior high school education (38.9%), were retired (47.2%), and had a history of smoking (65.3%). Most patients had good knowledge of CHD risk factors and secondary prevention (68.1%) and good self-care (55.6%). The Chi-square test showed no significant relationship between knowledge of risk factors and secondary prevention and self-care among CHD patients (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Most CHD patients at the Cardiology Clinic of Adam Malik Hospital had good knowledge and relatively good self-care; however, high knowledge was not always followed by optimal self-care. These findings indicate that improving self-care behavior in CHD patients is not sufficient through knowledge-based education alone, but also requires strengthening motivation, psychosocial support, and family involvement in secondary prevention.