Hubungan Perilaku Merokok Aktif dengan Penyakit Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Padang Bulan Selayang II Medan

Abstract

Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with an increasing global prevalence, and active smoking is known to contribute to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Objective. This study aimed to determine the association between active smoking behavior and the incidence of T2DM at Padang Bulan Selayang II Health Center in Medan. Methods. This analytic descriptive study employed a cross-sectional design and involved 100 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Smoking behavior data were obtained using a questionnaire, while T2DM status was determined through medical records. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and calculation of the Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results and Discussion. The findings showed a significant association between active smoking behavior and the incidence of T2DM (p = 0,012). The proportion of T2DM increased with smoking intensity, with 42.9% among light smokers, 66.7% among moderate smokers, and 84.2% among heavy smokers. Moderate smokers had a 2.67-fold higher risk of developing T2DM compared to light smokers (OR = 2.67; 95% CI = 0.790–9.003), while heavy smokers had a 7.11-fold higher risk (OR = 7.11; 95% CI = 1.804–28.024; p = 0.005). These results demonstrate a clear dose–response relationship, indicating that the risk of T2DM increases with greater smoking intensity. Conclusion. Active smoking behavior is significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM, particularly among heavy smokers. Strengthening smoking cessation interventions and glucose screening is recommended for high-risk groups.