Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Siklus Menstruasi pada Siswi SMAN 1 Medan

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is marked by the occurrence of menstruation, a physiological process involving the shedding of the uterine lining that typically lasts for 3–7 days each month. Body Mass Index (BMI) is an important parameter for assessing nutritional status and may influence menstrual cycle regularity. Imbalance in BMI, whether too high or too low, can lead to menstrual disorders such as amenorrhea, polymenorrhea, and oligomenorrhea due to alterations in estrogen hormone levels. iObjective: To determine the relationship between body mass index and menstrual cycle among female students of SMAN 1 Medan. Methods: This study employed an analytical design with a cross-sectional approach involving 138 respondents. Primary data were collected using questionnaires and BMI measurements, then analyzed to identify the relationship between the two variables. Results: Most respondents experienced menarche at a normal age (11–14 years) accounting for 79.7%, with 41.3% having a healthy BMI. A total of 52.9% had regular menstrual cycles, while 47.1% experienced irregularities. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between BMI and menstrual cycle regularity (p = 0.001). Respondents with a healthy BMI tended to have regular cycles, while underweight individuals commonly experienced amenorrhea, and overweight individuals were more likely to experience polymenorrhea or oligomenorrhea. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between BMI and menstrual cycle regularity. Maintaining an ideal body weight through a balanced diet and regular physical activity is essential to support the reproductive health of adolescent girls.