Hubungan Polimorfisme Gen IL-6 (-174 G/C) terhadap Derajat Anemia pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis dengan Hemodialisis Regular yang Mendapatkan Eritropoietin

Abstract

Background: Anemia is one of the most common complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing regular hemodialysis. In addition to erythropoietin deficiency and impaired iron metabolism, chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CKD-related anemia. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key proinflammatory cytokine involved in hepcidin regulation and erythropoietic response. The −174 G/C promoter polymorphism of the IL-6 gene has been shown to influence IL-6 expression and may affect the severity of anemia in CKD patients receiving erythropoietin therapy. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between IL-6 (−174 G/C) gene polymorphism and the degree of anemia in CKD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis and receiving erythropoietin. Methods: This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of CKD patients on regular hemodialysis receiving erythropoietin therapy. IL-6 (−174 G/C) gene polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Anemia severity was determined based on hemoglobin levels and classified according to World Health Organization criteria. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the relationship between IL-6 genotypes and alleles and anemia severity. Results: The distribution of IL-6 (−174 G/C) genotypes and alleles varied among the study population. A significant association was observed between specific IL-6 genotypes and alleles and the degree of anemia in hemodialysis patients with CKD (p<0.001). Conclusion: IL-6 (−174 G/C) gene polymorphism is associated with anemia severity in CKD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis and receiving erythropoietin, suggesting a potential role for genetic profiling in individualized anemia management. Keywords: chronic kidney disease; anemia; IL-6; hemodialysis