Gambaran Foto Rontgen Dada Berdasarkan Jenis Penyakit Jantung Bawaaan Asianotik pada Anak di RSUP H. Adam Malik

Abstract

Background:Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a structural abnormality of the heart present since intrauterine life and accounts for approximately 30–45% of all congenital anomalies. The acyanotic congenital heart diseases, including atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), typically cause a left-to-right shunt without cyanosis. Chest X-ray (CXR) remains an important initial diagnostic modality to evaluate cardiomegaly, pulmonary vascular markings, and cardiac silhouette shape, particularly in settings with limited access to echocardiography. Objective:To describe chest X-ray findings based on the types of acyanotic congenital heart disease in children hospitalized at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. Methods:This was a retrospective descriptive study using medical record data of pediatric patients diagnosed with acyanotic CHD who had complete echocardiography and chest X-ray results at H. Adam Malik General Hospital during the period of June–December 2024. Samples were selected using a simple random sampling method, with a total of 96 patients. Data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS version 25 and presented in frequency distribution tables and percentages .Results:Of the 96 patients, the majority were female (56.3%) with a mean age of 6.05 ± 4.81 years. The most common type of CHD was VSD (41.7%), followed by PDA (26.0%) and ASD (24.0%). Radiological findings showed cardiomegaly in 34.4% of patients, increased pulmonary vascular markings (plethora) in 58.3%, and abnormal cardiac silhouette in 35.4%. The largest defect size group accounted for 49.0%. VSD was predominantly associated with cardiomegaly and increased pulmonary vascularity .Conclusion:The most frequent chest X-ray findings among children with acyanotic CHD at H. Adam Malik General Hospital were cardiomegaly and increased pulmonary vascular markings, particularly in patients with VSD. Chest X-ray remains a valuable initial screening tool for detecting congenital heart disease prior to echocardiographic confirmation.