Hubungan Berat Badan Lahir dengan Penyakit Ginjal Kronis Tahap Akhir pada Anak di RSUP Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2023-2024

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a known risk factor affecting renal function later in life. Reduced nephron number due to prematurity or intrauterine growth restriction may predispose individuals to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and accelerate its progression to end-stage. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between birth weight and the incidence of End-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease (ESCKD) in children at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, during 2023–2024. Methods: This research employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 40 pediatric CKD patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results and Discussion: Of 40 children with CKD , 20 (50%) had a history of LBW. Among them, 85% developed ESCKD (stage V), compared to 50% in the normal birth weight group. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between birth weight and ESCKD (p = 0.018) with a Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1.70, indicating that LBW children have a 1.7-fold higher risk of developing ESCKD. Conclusion: There is a significant association between LBW and ESCKD in children. LBW history should be considered an important risk factor, and children with LBW should receive early and regular kidney function monitoring.