Formulasi Sediaan Patch Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) sebagai Penghambat Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes

Abstract

Patch preparation is a transdermal drug delivery system that is applied to the skin surface to provide local and systemic therapeutic effects. This study aims to develop a patch formulation containing ethanol extract of Cosmos caudatus leaves (Kunth.) as an antibacterial agent to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, the main cause of acne. Cosmos caudatus leaves were chosen because they contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids that have antibacterial activity. The extraction process was carried out through the maceration method using 96% ethanol as the solvent. Patch formulations were made in three variations of extract concentrations, namely 5%, 10%, and 15%. The resulting patches were tested through organoleptic tests, pH, thickness, weight uniformity, fold resistance, hedonic tests, irritation tests on volunteer skin, and antibacterial activity testing using the diffusion method. Based on the research results, it was found that all patch variations met good physical characteristics, namely where the pH of the patch preparation met good standards for the skin in the range of 4.5-6.5, the thickness test met physical quality standards not exceeding 1 mm, the weight uniformity test met the coefficient of variation value of not more than 5%, the fold resistance test where the patch preparation could be folded more than 300 times, and in the irritation test it did not cause irritation to the skin, and had antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, with a concentration of 15% showing the highest effectiveness of 25 mm based on the diameter of the inhibition zone. Thus, the ethanol extract of kenikir leaves in the form of a patch preparation has the potential as an alternative treatment for acne that is safe and based on natural ingredients.