Hubungan antara Menarche Dini, Menopause Terlambat, atau Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal dengan Prevalensi Kanker Payudara Berdasarkan Subtipe Biomolekuler di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Introduction. Breast cancer has the highest prevalence in women worldwide compared to other cancers. Women with history of early menarche, late menopause, or hormonal contraceptive use are exposed to longer duration of estrogen throughout their lives. Those hormonal factors are considered to be able to increased the risk of developing breast cancer. Biomolecular subtypes of breast cancer are obtained by conducting immunohistochemical test which are crucial for breast cancer diagnosis, treatment plan, dan prognosis. Objectives. To determine the association between early menarche, late menopause, or hormonal contraceptive use and the prevalence of breast cancer biomolecular subtypes. Methods. This analytic study used a cross-sectional design involving women breast cancer patient from September to November 2025 in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital. Data analysis was performed using fisher’s exact test and multinomial logistic regression. Results. The number of respondents in this study were 50 people. Both fisher’s exact test and multinomial logistic regression had significance value of p>0,05. Conclusion. Neither early menarche, late menopause, nor hormonal contraceptive use is significantly associated with the prevalence of breast cancer biomolecular subtypes. Keywords: early menarche, late menopause, hormonal contraceptive, breast cancer, biomolecular subtypes