Karakteristik Pasien Kolitis di RS Adam Malik Periode 2022-2024

Abstract

Background: Colitis is an inflammatory condition of the colonic mucosa that may present in acute or chronic forms, and its global prevalence continues to demonstrate an upward trend. Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with colitis at Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, during the period of 2022-2024. Methods: This study used a descriptive observational design with a retrospective approach using secondary data. The sampling technique utilized Simple Random Sampling with an estimated sample size of 117 patients. Results: The mean age of patients was 50.28 years, with the most frequent age group being 56–65 years (26.3%). Female patients (51.7%) were slightly more prevalent compared to male patients (48.3%). The Batak ethnic group predominated (78.0%), and the majority of patients had a higher education level (70.3%), self-employment being the most common occupation (50.8%). Clinically, the proportions of patients with normal weight and overweight status were equally high (39.0% each), and 58.5% of patients reported a history of diarrhea. The most common comorbidities were Diabetes Mellitus (33.9%) and Hypertension (10.2%). Ulcerative Colitis constituted the most frequent endoscopic finding (58.5%), although Anatomical Pathology (AP) examinations were predominantly characterized by Nonspecific Colitis (83.1%). The sigmoid colon (39.8%) and rectum (28.0%) represented the most common anatomical locations involved. Laboratory findings showed a tendency toward anemia and marked systemic inflammatory response, as evidenced by extremely elevated maximum leukocyte counts and reactive thrombocytosis. Conclusion: The clinical profile of patients with colitis at Adam Malik General Hospital was predominantly characterized by middle-aged to elderly individuals of Batak ethnicity, with self-employment as the most common occupation, classic clinical manifestations such as diarrhea, and comorbidities including Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension.