Hubungan ROS1 dengan Grading Histopatologi dalam Mendiagnosis Kanker Paru Karsinoma Bukan Sel Kecil di Rumah Sakit Kota Medan

Abstract

Introduction: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with around 85% of cases classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Changes in genes like EGFR, ALK, KRAS, MET, and ROS1 are important in deciding the best treatment options. Objective: This study aimed to analyze ROS1 expression in NSCLC diagnosis based on histopathological grading. Methods: This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 120 paraffin blocks from NSCLC patients were obtained from various hospitals in Medan between March 2024 and March 2025. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with a significance threshold of 0.05. Results: Adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent histopathological type (75%), and ROS1 mutation was positive in 64.2% of patients. A significant relationship was observed between ROS1 mutation and histopathological grading (p=0.048), but no correlation was found between histopathological type and ROS1 mutation (p=0.742). The diagnostic accuracy (AUC) of ROS1 expression was 0.451. Conclusion: ROS1 mutation showed a significant association with histopathological grading but not with histopathological type. Immunohistochemistry-based ROS1 testing can support NSCLC diagnosis, though its diagnostic accuracy remains limited. Keywords: Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer, ROS1 Mutation, Histopathological Grading