Hubungan antara Faktor Risiko dengan Derajat Keparahan Asma Eksaserbasi Akut pada Anak di Rumah Sakit Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2024-2025

Abstract

Background: Asthma exacerbation is one of the leading reasons children with asthma present to the emergency department. This condition is influenced by various interrelated risk factors. Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between several risk factors—including history of recurrence, SABA overuse, medication adherence, exposure to cigarette smoke, allergen exposure, and history of respiratory infections—and the severity of asthma exacerbations in children treated at Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. Methods: A crosssectional design was implemented involving 47 children with asthma exacerbations during 2024–2025. Data were collected from medical records and parent interviews using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate analysis using Fisher’s exact test was performed to evaluate the relationship between the risk factors and exacerbation severity. Results and Discussion: The findings showed that none of the variables demonstrated a statistically significant association with severity (p>0.05). Conclusion: Overall, these results indicate that asthma exacerbations in children remain a multifactorial condition, and the lack of statistical significance is likely influenced by the limited sample size and relatively small variability among respondents.

Keywords: Pediatric asthma, Asthma exacerbation, Risk factors, Severity, SABA, Environmental exposure, Medication adherence