Efektivitas Substrat Sampah Organik Terfermentasi dalam Proses Degradasi oleh Larva Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens)

Abstract

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae possess cellulolytic capabilities supported by the presence of bacteria in their digestive tracts, which play a role in the process of converting organic waste. However, BSF larvae have difficulty digesting substrates with high lignocellulose content because they lack the enzymes capable of breaking down lignin. The high lignin content in the feed substrate can be overcome thru a fermentation process using Effective Microorganism-4 (EM4). This research aims to determine the effectiveness of BSF larvae on the decomposition rate of organic waste, larval growth, and its nutritional content. This research used an experimental method with four treatments: (P0) BSF larvae + mixed substrate, (P1) BSF larvae + substrate with EM4 addition, (P2) BSF larvae + 5 day fermented substrate, and (P3) BSF larvae + 10-day fermented substrate. The rearing period was 21 days, with 10 days for fermentation preparation. The observed variables include the ability of BSF larvae to consume substrate using the Waste Reduction Index (WRI) equation, larval growth (length and weight), and nutrient content (moisture content, ash content, organic C, total N, phosphorus, and fat The results show that there is an effect of each treatment on all variables, except for ash, phosphorus content, and total nitrogen. The best treatment variation was obtained with treatment P3, which had a decomposition rate of 98.5%, larval length of 18.760 mm, weight of 0.430 g per 10 larvae, moisture content of 67.98% (fresh) and 0.44% (dry), organic carbon of 45.18%, total nitrogen of 6.67%, and fat of 40.6%. The lowest ash content was found in treatment P3 (4.5%), and the highest phosphorus content was obtained in treatment P2 (0.23%). Differences in substrate treatment affected the quality of BSF larvae, with the best results obtained in treatment P3.