Analisis Kualitas Udara Dalam Ruang serta Hubungannya dengan Gejala Sick Building Syndrome di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis USU

Abstract

Indoor air quality is a crucial factor affecting health and comfort, particularly in hospitals where occupants are highly vulnerable. Substandard air conditions can trigger various health issues, including symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). The Pharmacy Installation of Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital is a high-activity area with potential pollutant sources, yet studies addressing indoor air quality in this unit remain limited. This study aimed to analyze indoor air quality in the Pharmacy Installation, identify the prevalence of SBS symptoms, and evaluate the association between air quality parameters and SBS occurrence. A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed. Air quality measurements were conducted directly using monitoring instruments in four rooms over three consecutive days, while SBS symptoms were assessed using questionnaires administered to staff and patient companions. Data were analyzed by comparing air quality parameters with the standards set by the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023 and examining associations with SBS incidence using the Chi-Square test. The results show that temperature, PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, CO₂, and TVOC are below quality standards, while humidity, lighting, ventilation rate, and airborne bacteria counts in some rooms do not meet standards. The highest prevalence of SBS was found in the Outpatient Prescription Preparation Room (100%) and the Staff Room (100%), with the dominant complaints being drowsiness, stress, and fatigue. The Chi-Square test results showed a significant relationship between humidity (p = 0.001), lighting (p = 0.002), and ventilation rate (p = 0.013) with the incidence of SBS. In addition, there was a significant relationship between room type and the occurrence of SBS (p = 0.032) and a relationship between length of service and SBS (p = 0.004). These findings confirm that physical environmental conditions, room type, and staff length of service play an important role in the emergence of SBS symptoms. Recommendations focus on improving ventilation, regulating humidity, and optimizing lighting to create a healthier environment for occupants.