Gambaran Pola Kepekaan dan Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Sepsis di Rumah Sakit Prof Dr Chairuddin P Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global health threat, linked to 4.71 million deaths in 2021. The use of empirical antibiotics that are not based on local sensitivity patterns often carries a high risk of failure. Objectives: The general objective of this study is to obtain an overview of antibiotic sensitivity patterns and usage at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA. Methods: This study applied a descriptive observational cross-sectional design with a retrospective approach, analyzing medical record data of sepsis patients obtained from Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, University of North Sumatra, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA from January to June 2025. The sampling technique used was total sampling, where the entire population meeting the inclusion criteria was sampled. Data analysis was performed using a descriptive statistical approach to illustrate frequencies and percentages. Results and Discussion: The study analyzed 98 cultures from 72 patients. Blood specimens (68.7%) and sputum (24.1%) were the most commonly used specimen types. Identified microorganisms included Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL and Carbapenemase) and Acinetobacter sp., among 13 other species. Amikacin (AMK) and Meropenem (MEM) showed high effectiveness (>60%) against several Gram-negative bacteria, while high resistance (>78%) was seen in Ampicillin (AMP), Amoxicillin/Sulbactam (AMS), Cefepime (FEP), and Ceftriaxone (CRO). These resistance patterns indicate the need for adjustment of local empirical therapy guidelines to improve treatment success. Conclusion: The local antibiotic sensitivity patterns documented in this study show significant resistance to several commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotics. This data is essential as a scientific basis for developing evidence-based empirical therapy guidelines and supporting the antimicrobial stewardship program at the hospital.