| dc.description.abstract | This study aims to analyze the effect of technology and business duration on the income of coffee shop Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Medan City, with labor as an intervening variable. The rapid growth of the coffee shop industry in Medan City has intensified competition among business owners, making the utilization of technology, business experience, and effective labor management crucial factors in increasing income. This research employs a quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS). The research sample consists of coffee shop MSME owners in various areas of Medan City, selected through purposive sampling. The research variables include technology (X1), business duration (X2), labor (Z), and income (Y). The results show that technology has a positive and significant effect on income and labor. Business duration also has a positive and significant effect on income and labor. Furthermore, labor has a significant positive effect on income and mediates the relationship between technology and income as well as between business duration and income. These findings indicate that optimal utilization of technology, longer business experience, and effective labor management are key determinants in improving the income of coffee shop MSMEs. This study is expected to provide valuable insights for MSME owners and policymakers in formulating sustainable business development strategies. | en_US |
