Analisis Unsafe Act dan Unsafe Condition terhadap Kejadian Slip, Trip dan Fall pada Perawat di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Tahun 2025

Abstract

Occupational accidents among healthcare workers, particularly nurses, are a critical issue that directly affects worker safety and the quality of healthcare services. One of the most frequent occupational incidents in hospitals is slip, trip, and fall (STF), which can result from unsafe acts and unsafe conditions. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between unsafe acts and unsafe conditions with the occurrence of STF among nurses at Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital, Medan, in 2025. This research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted from March to August 2025, covering preliminary observation, instrument development, data collection, and analysis. The research population consisted of 212 permanent nurses, and 139 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and field observations, then analyzed using the chi-square test with SPSS software. The results revealed statistically significant relationships between unsafe acts and STF (p < 0.05), as well as between unsafe conditions and STF (p < 0.05). The most common unsafe acts included rushing while walking, failing to observe floor conditions, and wearing non-standard footwear. The dominant unsafe conditions were slippery, cracked, and water-covered floors, particularly in connecting corridors and inpatient wards with high activity levels. The findings support Heinrich’s Domino Theory, which emphasizes that accidents occur through a chain of events that can be interrupted by controlling unsafe actions and unsafe conditions. This study concludes that both individual behavior and environmental conditions significantly contribute to STF incidents among nurses. It is recommended that hospital management and the Occupational Health and Safety Unit (K3RS) strengthen behavioral supervision, promote a safety culture, conduct regular safety training, and improve hospital infrastructure. Consistent implementation of standard operating procedures by nurses and cleaning service staff is essential to reduce occupational accidents and improve the quality of hospital services.