Pengaruh Kadar Estradiol terhadap Tekanan Intraokular dan Ocular Perfusion Pressure pada Keadaan Menopause

Abstract

Background: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy which is the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment and blindness. One of the main risk factors for glaucoma is older age, which usually happen along with menopause. Decreased levels of estradiol, the main estrogen-specific hormone, during menopause can increase intraocular pressure and affect ocular perfusion, increasing the risk of glaucoma. Methods: This study was an observational analytical study with cross-sectional design conducted at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis USU Hospital, from September to October 2025. This study involved 40 postmenopausal women who met the inclusion criteria but did not meet the exclusion criteria. They underwent estradiol level examinations, intraocular pressure examinations, and blood pressure measurements to determine ocular perfusion pressure. Results: This study found that the majority of the study subjects were aged 51-60 years (55%), with an average blood pressure of 127.45±13.42 mmHg. The mean duration of menopause in the study subjects was 9.13±3.65 years. The mean estradiol level in the study subjects was 41.82±14.47 pg/mL. The mean ocular perfusion pressure in the study subjects was 45.37±5.43 mmHg, and the mean intraocular pressure was 17.24±2.54 mmHg. There was a significant relationship between estradiol levels and the duration of menopause (p<0.001, r= -0.533). There was a significant relationship between estradiol levels and intraocular pressure (p=0.029, r= -0.346). There was a significant relationship between estradiol levels and ocular perfusion pressure (p=0.013, r=0.389). Conclusion: There is a statistically significant impact of estradiol levels on intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure in menopause.